local kres = require('kres')
local bit = require('bit')
local ffi = require('ffi')

-- Counter of unique rules
local nextid = 0
local function getruleid()
	local newid = nextid
	nextid = nextid + 1
	return newid
end

-- Support for client sockets from inside policy actions
local socket_client = function () return error("missing luasocket, can't create socket client") end
local has_socket, socket = pcall(require, 'socket')
if has_socket then
	socket_client = function (host, port)
		local s, err, status
		if host:find(':') then
			s, err = socket.udp6()
		else
			s, err = socket.udp()
		end
		if not s then
			return nil, err
		end
		status, err = s:setpeername(host, port)
		if not status then
			return nil, err
		end
		return s
	end
end

local function addr_split_port(target)
	local addr, port = target:match '([^@]*)@?(.*)'
	port = port and tonumber(port) or 53
	return addr, port
end

-- String address@port -> sockaddr.
local function addr2sock(target)
	local addr, port = addr_split_port(target)
	sock = ffi.gc(ffi.C.kr_straddr_socket(addr, port), ffi.C.free);
	if sock == nil then
		error("target '"..target..'" is not a valid IP address')
	end
	return sock
end

-- Mirror request elsewhere, and continue solving
local function mirror(target)
	local addr, port = addr_split_port(target)
	local sink, err = socket_client(addr, port)
	if not sink then panic('MIRROR target %s is not a valid: %s', target, err) end
	return function(state, req)
		if state == kres.FAIL then return state end
		local query = req.qsource.packet
		if query ~= nil then
			sink:send(ffi.string(query.wire, query.size))
		end
		return -- Chain action to next
	end
end

-- Forward request, and solve as stub query
local function stub(target)
	local list = {}
	if type(target) == 'table' then
		for _, v in pairs(target) do
			table.insert(list, addr2sock(v))
			assert(#list <= 4, 'at most 4 STUB targets are supported')
		end
	else
		table.insert(list, addr2sock(target))
	end
	return function(state, req)
		local qry = req:current()
		-- Switch mode to stub resolver, do not track origin zone cut since it's not real authority NS
		qry.flags.STUB = true
		qry.flags.ALWAYS_CUT = false
		qry:nslist(list)
		return state
	end
end

-- Forward request and all subrequests to upstream; validate answers
local function forward(target)
	local list = {}
	if type(target) == 'table' then
		for _, v in pairs(target) do
			table.insert(list, addr2sock(v))
			assert(#list <= 4, 'at most 4 FORWARD targets are supported')
		end
	else
		table.insert(list, addr2sock(target))
	end
	return function(state, req)
		local qry = req:current()
		req.options.FORWARD = true
		req.options.NO_MINIMIZE = true
		qry.flags.FORWARD = true
		qry.flags.ALWAYS_CUT = false
		qry.flags.NO_MINIMIZE = true
		qry.flags.AWAIT_CUT = true
		qry:nslist(list)
		return state
	end
end

-- Rewrite records in packet
local function reroute(tbl, names)
	-- Import renumbering rules
	local ren = require('renumber')
	local prefixes = {}
	for from, to in pairs(tbl) do
		table.insert(prefixes, names and ren.name(from, to) or ren.prefix(from, to))
	end
	-- Return rule closure
	return ren.rule(prefixes)
end

-- Set and clear some query flags
local function flags(opts_set, opts_clear)
	return function(state, req)
		local qry = req:current()
		ffi.C.kr_qflags_set  (qry.flags, kres.mk_qflags(opts_set   or {}))
		ffi.C.kr_qflags_clear(qry.flags, kres.mk_qflags(opts_clear or {}))
		return nil -- chain rule
	end
end

local policy = {
	-- Policies
	PASS = 1, DENY = 2, DROP = 3, TC = 4, QTRACE = 5,
	FORWARD = forward, STUB = stub, REROUTE = reroute, MIRROR = mirror, FLAGS = flags,
	-- Special values
	ANY = 0,
}

-- All requests
function policy.all(action)
	return function(req, query) return action end
end

-- Requests which QNAME matches given zone list (i.e. suffix match)
function policy.suffix(action, zone_list)
	local AC = require('aho-corasick')
	local tree = AC.build(zone_list)
	return function(req, query)
		local match = AC.match(tree, query:name(), false)
		if match[1] ~= nil then
			return action
		end
		return nil
	end
end

-- Check for common suffix first, then suffix match (specialized version of suffix match)
function policy.suffix_common(action, suffix_list, common_suffix)
	local common_len = string.len(common_suffix)
	local suffix_count = #suffix_list
	return function(req, query)
		-- Preliminary check
		local qname = query:name()
		if not string.find(qname, common_suffix, -common_len, true) then
			return nil
		end
		-- String match
		for i = 1, suffix_count do
			local zone = suffix_list[i]
			if string.find(qname, zone, -string.len(zone), true) then
				return action
			end
		end
		return nil
	end
end

-- Filter QNAME pattern
function policy.pattern(action, pattern)
	return function(req, query)
		if string.find(query:name(), pattern) then
			return action
		end
		return nil
	end
end

local function rpz_parse(action, path)
	local rules = {}
	local action_map = {
		-- RPZ Policy Actions
		['\0'] = action,
		['\1*\0'] = action, -- deviates from RPZ spec
		['\012rpz-passthru\0'] = policy.PASS, -- the grammar...
		['\008rpz-drop\0'] = policy.DROP,
		['\012rpz-tcp-only\0'] = policy.TC,
		-- Policy triggers @NYI@
	}
	local parser = require('zonefile').new()
	if not parser:open(path) then error(string.format('failed to parse "%s"', path)) end
	while parser:parse() do
		local name = ffi.string(parser.r_owner, parser.r_owner_length)
		local action = ffi.string(parser.r_data, parser.r_data_length)
		rules[name] = action_map[action]
		-- Warn when NYI
		if #name > 1 and not action_map[action] then
			print(string.format('[ rpz ] %s:%d: unsupported policy action', path, tonumber(parser.line_counter)))
		end
	end
	return rules
end

-- Create RPZ from zone file
local function rpz_zonefile(action, path)
	local rules = rpz_parse(action, path)
	collectgarbage()
	return function(req, query)
		local label = query:name()
		local action = rules[label]
		while action == nil and string.len(label) > 0 do
			label = string.sub(label, string.byte(label) + 2)
			action = rules['\1*'..label]
		end
		return action
	end
end

-- RPZ policy set
function policy.rpz(action, path)
	return rpz_zonefile(action, path)
end

-- Evaluate packet in given rules to determine policy action
function policy.evaluate(rules, req, query, state)
	for i = 1, #rules do
		local rule = rules[i]
		if not rule.suspended then
			local action = rule.cb(req, query)
			if action ~= nil then
				rule.count = rule.count + 1
				local next_state = policy.enforce(state, req, action)
				if next_state then    -- Not a chain rule,
					return next_state -- stop on first match
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return state
end

-- Enforce policy action
function policy.enforce(state, req, action)
	if action == policy.DENY then
		-- Write authority information
		local answer = req.answer
		ffi.C.kr_pkt_make_auth_header(answer)
		answer:rcode(kres.rcode.NXDOMAIN)
		answer:begin(kres.section.AUTHORITY)
		answer:put('\7blocked', 900, answer:qclass(), kres.type.SOA,
			'\7blocked\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\14\16\0\0\3\132\0\9\58\128\0\0\3\132')
		return kres.DONE
	elseif action == policy.DROP then
		return kres.FAIL
	elseif action == policy.TC then
		local answer = req.answer
		if answer.max_size ~= 65535 then
			answer:tc(1) -- ^ Only UDP queries
			return kres.DONE
		end
	elseif action == policy.QTRACE then
		local qry = req:current()
		req.options.TRACE = true
		qry.flags.TRACE = true
		return -- this allows to continue iterating over policy list
	elseif type(action) == 'function' then
		return action(state, req)
	end
	return state
end

-- Top-down policy list walk until we hit a match
-- the caller is responsible for reordering policy list
-- from most specific to least specific.
-- Some rules may be chained, in this case they are evaluated
-- as a dependency chain, e.g. r1,r2,r3 -> r3(r2(r1(state)))
policy.layer = {
	begin = function(state, req)
		req = kres.request_t(req)
		return policy.evaluate(policy.rules, req, req:current(), state)
	end,
	finish = function(state, req)
		req = kres.request_t(req)
		return policy.evaluate(policy.postrules, req, req:current(), state)
	end
}

-- Add rule to policy list
function policy.add(rule, postrule)
	-- Compatibility with 1.0.0 API
	-- it will be dropped in 1.2.0
	if rule == policy then
		rule = postrule
		postrule = nil
	end
	-- End of compatibility shim
	local desc = {id=getruleid(), cb=rule, count=0}
	table.insert(postrule and policy.postrules or policy.rules, desc)
	return desc
end

-- Remove rule from a list
local function delrule(rules, id)
	for i, r in ipairs(rules) do
		if r.id == id then
			table.remove(rules, i)
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end

-- Delete rule from policy list
function policy.del(id)
	if not delrule(policy.rules, id) then
		if not delrule(policy.postrules, id) then
			return false
		end
	end
	return true
end

-- Convert list of string names to domain names
function policy.todnames(names)
	for i, v in ipairs(names) do
		names[i] = kres.str2dname(v)
	end
	return names
end

-- RFC1918 Private, local, broadcast, test and special zones
-- Considerations: RFC6761, sec 6.1.
-- https://www.iana.org/assignments/locally-served-dns-zones
local private_zones = {
	-- RFC6303
	'10.in-addr.arpa.',
	'16.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'17.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'18.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'19.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'20.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'21.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'22.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'23.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'24.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'25.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'26.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'27.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'28.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'29.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'30.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'31.172.in-addr.arpa.',
	'168.192.in-addr.arpa.',
	'0.in-addr.arpa.',
	'127.in-addr.arpa.',
	'254.169.in-addr.arpa.',
	'2.0.192.in-addr.arpa.',
	'100.51.198.in-addr.arpa.',
	'113.0.203.in-addr.arpa.',
	'255.255.255.255.in-addr.arpa.',
	-- RFC7796
	'64.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'65.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'66.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'67.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'68.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'69.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'70.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'71.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'72.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'73.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'74.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'75.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'76.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'77.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'78.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'79.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'80.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'81.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'82.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'83.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'84.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'85.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'86.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'87.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'88.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'89.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'90.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'91.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'92.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'93.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'94.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'95.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'96.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'97.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'98.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'99.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'100.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'101.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'102.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'103.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'104.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'105.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'106.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'107.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'108.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'109.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'110.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'111.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'112.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'113.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'114.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'115.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'116.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'117.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'118.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'119.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'120.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'121.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'122.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'123.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'124.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'125.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'126.100.in-addr.arpa.',
	'127.100.in-addr.arpa.',

	-- RFC6303
	'0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa.',
	'1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa.',
	'd.f.ip6.arpa.',
	'8.e.f.ip6.arpa.',
	'9.e.f.ip6.arpa.',
	'a.e.f.ip6.arpa.',
	'b.e.f.ip6.arpa.',
	'8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa.',
}
policy.todnames(private_zones)

-- @var Default rules
policy.rules = {}
policy.postrules = {}
policy.add(policy.suffix_common(policy.DENY, private_zones, '\4arpa\0'))

return policy