when resolver finds a zone cut from cache, it checks whether there is an empty non-terminal between target QNAME and cached zone cut.
this is indicated by presence of NODATA/NXDOMAIN in packet cache.
if it finds one, it turns off qname minimisation and continues,
this saves one query for empty non-term zones like ‘co.jp’

caveat: only direct child of the cut can be considered (e.g. ‘co.jp’ for ‘jp’), otherwise we would leak information to parent if the zone cut fell out of cache and NODATA existed

for pktcache same or better rank is required (because it’s a direct answer)
for rrcache better rank is required (unless doing write-through)

for both cases, no cache rank check is needed when inserting secure data

security note: this mitigates possible non-auth NS hijacking

reason: a root gives consistently unpredictable performance, which
we cannot take into consideration for the first start. j,k roots
moved to the front as they're everywhere and less loaded than a
swamped with requests from legacy tools

[1] shows an attack using spoofed CNAME targets to replace legitimate
entries in resolver cache by speeding up once-per-TTL attack opportunity

as a defense, the resolver almost always requeries CNAME targets and
doesn't store them in cache. the only exception is when the CNAME target
is within current authority, and the answer is DNSSEC-secured

thanks to Toshinori Maeno (@beyondDNS) for pointing this out [2]

[1]: https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-weaver-dnsext-comprehensive-
resolver-00.html
[2]: https://moin.qmail.jp/DNS/KnotResolver/CNAMEpatch

when the DS NODATA was proved from a different authority

in case the address matches multiple names, the lexicographically first domain name is returned

meaning
\5host1\3com is after \5host1\2cz
\5host2 is after \5host1
\3aaa is after \2zz

validator can now yield, but it doesn't plan the sub-requests directly,
that is still a job of the driver

this caters a use case when a layer needs to issue subrequests before
continuing, so it yields. when the subrequests finish, the layer is
resumed with the same parameters and input

todo: fix validator, that shifted most of the processing to driver

this is useful when you need to issue several subrequests before
continuing with the current query, resuming is not supported yet, so it
will requery after the subrequests complete

current processed query is always in `request->current_query`

thanks to johan ihren