python/knot_resolver: meson configured constants

The goal is to get rid of the separate python module (knot_resolver_build_options) that only has meson constants in it, but still have the configured meson constants available in the knot_resolver python module.

Requires updated Docker image for Python parts knot-resolver-ci!6 (merged).

ci/images/manager/Dockerfile

-# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
-FROM fedora:38
-LABEL Knot Resolver <knot-resolver@labs.nic.cz>
-
-WORKDIR /root
-CMD ["/bin/bash"]
-ENV PATH="/root/.local/bin:${PATH}"
-
-# Install Python and deps
-RUN dnf install -y\
-    python3.8 python3.9 python3.10 python3.10-devel\
-    python3.11 python3.11-devel python3.12 python3.12-devel\
-    python3-gobject pipx git which diffutils gcc pkg-config\
-    cairo-devel gobject-introspection-devel cairo-gobject-devel\
-    && dnf clean all
-
-# Install poetry
-RUN pipx install poetry==1.4.2\
-    # not exactly required, but helpful
-	&& pipx install poethepoet